Why does Kubernetes allow more than one container in a Pod
  • Containers in a Pod runs on a “logical host”: they use the same network namespace (same IP address and port space), they can use shared volumes
  • using several containers for an application is simpler to use, more transparent, and allows decoupling software dependencies
Use Cases for Multi-Container Pods

The primary purpose of a multi-container Pod is to support co-located, co-managed helper processes for a main program

Sidecar containers: “help” the main container. For example, log or data change watchers, monitoring adapters, and so on. A log watcher, for example, can be built once by a different team and reused across different applications Another example of a sidecar container is a file or data loader that generates data for the main container.

Communication Between Containers in a Pod

Shared volumes: you can use a shared Kubernetes Volume as a simple and efficient way to share data between containers in a Pod. Volumes enables data to survive container restarts. It has the same lifetime as a Pod. it is sufficient to use a directory on the host that is shared with all containers within a Pod

  • A standard use case for a multi-container Pod with shared Volume is when one container writes to the shared directory (logs or other files), and the other container reads from the shared directory
  • The second container uses Debian image and has the shared volume mounted to the directory /html. The second container every second adds current date and time and into index.html that is located in the shared volume.
  • Nginx servers reads this file and transfers it to the user for each HTTP request to the web server.
  apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mc1
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: html
    emptyDir: {}
  containers:
  - name: 1st
    image: nginx
    volumeMounts:
    - name: html
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  - name: 2nd
    image: debian
    volumeMounts:
    - name: html
      mountPath: /html
    command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
    args:
      - while true; do
          date >> /html/index.html;
          sleep 1;
        done
  

kubectl apply

  ➜  k8s101 git:(main) ✗ kubectl apply -f mc1.yaml 
pod/mc1 created
  

exec into mc1 pod 1st container

  ➜  k8s101 git:(main) ✗ kubectl exec mc1 -c 1st -- /bin/cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
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exec into mc1 pod 3nd container

   k8s101 git:(main) ✗  kubectl exec mc1 -c 2nd -i -t -- bash -il
root@mc1:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  html  lib  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@mc1:/# cd html
root@mc1:/html# ls
index.html
root@mc1:/html# 
  

Kubernetes has three Object Types you should know about:

  • Pods - runs one or more closely related containers

  • Services - sets up networking in a Kubernetes cluster

  • Deployment - Maintains a set of identical pods, ensuring that they have the correct config and that the right number of them exist.

Pods:

  • Runs a single set of containers
  • Good for one-off dev purposes
  • Rarely used directly in production

Deployment:

  • Runs a set of identical pods
  • Monitors the state of each pod, updating as necessary
  • Good for dev
  • Good for production

Pod templates :

Controllers for workload resources create Pods from a pod template and manage those Pods on your behalf.

-PodTemplates are specifications for creating Pods, and are included in workload resources such as Deployments, Jobs, and DaemonSets.

  k8sworkshop git:(main) ✗ kubectl get all
NAME           READY   STATUS             RESTARTS         AGE
pod/command3   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   65 (4m59s ago)   20h
pod/mc1        2/2     Running            0                77m

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   115d
  

Last updated 03 Jun 2024, 13:43 +0530 . history